Sunday, 14 September 2025

The man who preserved the Kupiškėnai dialect

Kazimieras (Kazys) Šaulys was born in the village of Juodžiūnas Šimonys, Panevėžys district, Lithuania, on 26 January 1908.   Šaulys' life is a rare example when a person, without receiving an academic education, devotes himself to science, acquires skills and leaves behind valuable works.

Kazys was a teacher by profession.  After graduating, he returned to his homeland in Šimonys, where until 1943 he was the head of the Gaigaliai-Šimonys schools and belonged to the Young Lithuanians organisation.  

In July 1944, when the Russian army arrived in Lithuania, many people were forced to leave their homeland. The fact that Kazimieras Šaulys was a member of the Lithuanian Nationalist Union, a member of the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, alone posed a threat to him when the Russians came, and therefore he was forced to emigrate. 

The five foot six dark haired man bearing glasses stepped onto Australian soil in Melbourne, having arrived on the ship, General W M Black 27 April 1948.  He was single and forty years old. He was transported with the other passengers to the Bonegilla Migrant camp where he would await his two-year work placement. Kazimeras was assigned to work at Woomera, a town being built in the South Australian outback for the Anglo-Australian long-range weapons testing program. The town became a large military and space research testing range, but in 1948 when Kazimieras arrived it was under construction. Woomera is approximately 446 kilometres north-west of Adelaide, with a hot desert climate, with hot summers, mild winters and low rainfall year-round. 

Another Lithuanian Česlovas Dubinskas who lived in Womera wrote of his time there in his book, I was with you always. Written in Lithuania, these are some extracts from his time in Woomera, which mention Kazimieras. 

Life in Woomera was going normally. I had to meet people of different nationalities on a regular basis; many English and Australians worked there also, in addition to migrants.  The whole social life took place in our club, mostly sipping beer.  Fellow workers still lived in the Philips Pond camp. There was also Captain Bennett's camp, where several Lithuanians worked laying cables. 

In Woomera, when I arrived, the first impression was dreadful because the heat in January was awful and hard to bare, especially when during the physical work on railroad, sewer, plumbing, etc. There often were sandstorms, penetrating the mouth, eyes, nose. Cars had to stop because drivers could not see the road. When a storm struck us working outdoors, we had to hide under the floors of future buildings. Wooden houses were built on raised poles, so there was a space to hide under the floor.  Sand was blown into our rooms and administration premises.  After the storm finished, it was necessary to clean, dust the sheets, clothes, and everything else.

Among those at Captain Bennett’s camp was Kazimieras, whom I knew. He could swear very gently: ‘jęczmien’ iežis.  Australians did not understand that this, translated from Polish, meant 'barley', and they complained about it.  Later, Kazimieras was translocated to Woomera West and I used to meet with him frequently.  He read various books and studied a lot of very interesting things.  Previously we did not have a cinema, so we drove to Captain Bennett's camp where the cinema was shown for free.  Later, a territory in Woomera West was surrounded by a high tin fence and an open-air cinema was opened.  Various films were shown four times a week.  I have seen about 4,000 movies for 10 years, because I rarely missed it. When the contractor Matulevičius built a modern cinema in the town of Woomera, I visited it too, but Woomera West was much more comfortable because it was near me.

Despite the hard conditions, the pay would have been quite good and with nothing to spend it on in the Australian outback, Kazimieras became a wealthy man.  He moved to Adelaide and built a house at 38 Third Avenue, Woodville Gardens in 1955.  There were quite a few Lithuanians who also purchased land in this area at that time. He built a solid brick house with generous bedrooms, large lounge, kitchen/meals and several units at the back of the property.  Kazimieras then worked until his retirement for the Australian Postal service. 

Kazimieras was one of the first honorary members of the Lithuanian Society of Adelaide.  He donated money to the Lithuanian press, the Lithuanian community house and the Adelaide Lithuanian parish. He supported the Vasarios 16 gymnasium in Germany and left all his estate to the Lithuanian community of Adelaide. 

Kazimieras was a reticent and withdrawn person. He had almost no friends, and did not seek them out. Rarely did anyone visit him, except for Jonas Bočiulis, who was the late Kazimieras' neighbour in Lithuania and his student.  

Kazimieras died of cancer at the Philip Kennedy Center hospice on 16 December 1993, aged 86.

In his speech at the funeral, Jonas Stačiūnas said: "Today we say goodbye to a Lithuanian whom we knew so little personally. Having chosen a solitary life, he tried to manage his own affairs until the last day. Suffering from a serious illness, he neither complained nor asked for any help and passed away quietly, as he had lived quietly... Rest in peace, having left significant remnants for Lithuania; you will not be forgotten."
 
The late Kazimieras was buried in the Enfield cemetery.  He never married or had children.

Kazys while living in Adelaide wrote a book on the "Juodžiūnai Dialect", from the region he grew up in. The research began as a pensioner in 1968. It is a large work, containing over 500 pages.  It presents phonetic data and a study of the dialect of the village of Juodžiūnai, located 17 km south of Kupiškis.  This is not a detailed description of the dialect, but a certain accumulation of its phonetic data with conclusions and generalisations.  It accurately conveys the sounds of the speech.  Kazimieras did not forget his native speech, but he retained it so perfectly that in his old age he could use it as an object of research.   The linguistic observation of the self-taught researcher is surprising.  The book contains a lot of factual data on the Kupiškis dialect, and beautiful examples of speech. The manuscript was published by the Adelaide Pensioners' Club in 1988.  

Kazimieras was not only interested in dialects, but also encouraged teachers to collect - place names, describe native villages, their customs, and jobs. In Šimonis, the curious teacher has a lot of free time - he devotes it to learning languages, teaching himself Russian, English, German and French.

A memorial will be unveiled today at 13:00 in Šimoniai Church, to honour the native educator and folklorist, who preserved the Kupiškėnai dialect, and who did this far from his homeland. 

 

The man who preserved the Kupiškėnai dialect

Kazimieras (Kazys) Šaulys was born in the village of Juodžiūnas Šimonys, Panevėžys district, Lithuania, on 26 January 1908.    Šaulys' l...